CopperSpice API
1.9.2
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The QIODevice class is the base interface class of all I/O devices. More...
Public Typedefs | |
using | OpenMode = QFlags< OpenModeFlag > |
Public Types | |
enum | OpenModeFlag |
Public Signals | |
void | aboutToClose () |
void | bytesWritten (qint64 bytes) |
void | readChannelFinished () |
void | readyRead () |
Public Signals inherited from QObject | |
void | destroyed (QObject *obj=nullptr) |
void | objectNameChanged (const QString &objectName) |
Public Methods | |
QIODevice () | |
QIODevice (QObject *parent) | |
virtual | ~QIODevice () |
virtual bool | atEnd () const |
virtual qint64 | bytesAvailable () const |
virtual qint64 | bytesToWrite () const |
virtual bool | canReadLine () const |
virtual void | close () |
QString | errorString () const |
bool | getChar (char *c) |
bool | isOpen () const |
bool | isReadable () const |
virtual bool | isSequential () const |
bool | isTextModeEnabled () const |
bool | isWritable () const |
virtual bool | open (OpenMode mode) |
OpenMode | openMode () const |
qint64 | peek (char *data, qint64 maxSize) |
QByteArray | peek (qint64 maxSize) |
virtual qint64 | pos () const |
bool | putChar (char c) |
qint64 | read (char *data, qint64 maxSize) |
QByteArray | read (qint64 maxSize) |
QByteArray | readAll () |
qint64 | readLine (char *data, qint64 maxSize) |
QByteArray | readLine (qint64 maxSize=0) |
virtual bool | reset () |
virtual bool | seek (qint64 pos) |
void | setTextModeEnabled (bool enabled) |
virtual qint64 | size () const |
void | ungetChar (char c) |
virtual bool | waitForBytesWritten (int msecs) |
virtual bool | waitForReadyRead (int msecs) |
qint64 | write (const char *data) |
qint64 | write (const char *data, qint64 maxSize) |
qint64 | write (const QByteArray &data) |
Public Methods inherited from QObject | |
QObject (QObject *parent=nullptr) | |
~QObject () | |
bool | blockSignals (bool block) |
const QList< QObject * > & | children () const |
bool | connect (const QObject *sender, const QString &signalMethod, const QString &location, const QString &slotMethod, Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection) |
bool | connect (const QObject *sender, const QString &signalMethod, const QString &slotMethod, Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection) |
bool | disconnect (const QObject *receiver, const QString &slotMethod=QString ()) const |
bool | disconnect (const QString &signalMethod, const QString &location, const QObject *receiver=nullptr, const QString &slotMethod=QString ()) const |
bool | disconnect (const QString &signalMethod=QString (), const QObject *receiver=nullptr, const QString &slotMethod=QString ()) const |
void | dumpObjectInfo () |
void | dumpObjectTree () |
QList< QString > | dynamicPropertyNames () const |
virtual bool | event (QEvent *event) |
virtual bool | eventFilter (QObject *watched, QEvent *event) |
template<typename T > | |
T | findChild (const QString &childName=QString ()) const |
template<class T > | |
QList< T > | findChildren (const QRegularExpression ®Exp, Qt::FindChildOptions options=Qt::FindChildrenRecursively) const |
template<class T > | |
QList< T > | findChildren (const QString &childName=QString (), Qt::FindChildOptions options=Qt::FindChildrenRecursively) const |
bool | inherits (const QString &className) const |
void | installEventFilter (QObject *filterObj) |
bool | isWidgetType () const |
bool | isWindowType () const |
void | killTimer (int id) |
const QMetaObject * | metaObject () const |
void | moveToThread (QThread *targetThread) |
QString | objectName () const |
QObject * | parent () const |
template<class T = QVariant> | |
T | property (const QString &name) const |
void | removeEventFilter (QObject *obj) |
void | setObjectName (const QString &name) |
void | setParent (QObject *parent) |
bool | setProperty (const QString &name, const QVariant &value) |
bool | signalsBlocked () const |
int | startTimer (int interval, Qt::TimerType timerType=Qt::CoarseTimer) |
QThread * | thread () const |
Protected Methods | |
virtual qint64 | readData (char *data, qint64 maxSize) = 0 |
virtual qint64 | readLineData (char *data, qint64 maxSize) |
void | setErrorString (const QString &errorString) |
void | setOpenMode (OpenMode openMode) |
virtual qint64 | writeData (const char *data, qint64 maxSize) = 0 |
Protected Methods inherited from QObject | |
virtual void | childEvent (QChildEvent *event) |
virtual void | connectNotify (const QMetaMethod &signalMethod) const |
virtual void | customEvent (QEvent *event) |
virtual void | disconnectNotify (const QMetaMethod &signalMethod) const |
bool | isSignalConnected (const QMetaMethod &signalMethod) const |
int | receivers (const QString &signal) const |
QObject * | sender () const |
int | senderSignalIndex () const |
virtual void | timerEvent (QTimerEvent *event) |
Additional Inherited Members | |
Public Slots inherited from QObject | |
void | deleteLater () |
Static Public Methods inherited from QObject | |
static bool | connect (const QObject *sender, const QMetaMethod &signalMethod, const QObject *receiver, const QMetaMethod &slotMethod, Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection) |
static bool | connect (const QObject *sender, const QString &signalMethod, const QObject *receiver, const QString &slotMethod, Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection, const QString &location=QString ()) |
static bool | connect (const QObject *sender, const QString &signalMethod, const QString &location, const QObject *receiver, const QString &slotMethod, Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection) |
template<class Sender , class SignalClass , class... SignalArgs, class Receiver , class SlotClass , class... SlotArgs, class SlotReturn > | |
static bool | connect (const Sender *sender, void (SignalClass::*signalMethod)(SignalArgs...), const Receiver *receiver, SlotReturn (SlotClass::*slotMethod)(SlotArgs...), Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection) |
template<class Sender , class SignalClass , class... SignalArgs, class Receiver , class T > | |
static bool | connect (const Sender *sender, void (SignalClass::*signalMethod)(SignalArgs...), const Receiver *receiver, T slotLambda, Qt::ConnectionType type=Qt::AutoConnection) |
static bool | disconnect (const QObject *sender, const QMetaMethod &signalMethod, const QObject *receiver, const QMetaMethod &slotMethod) |
static bool | disconnect (const QObject *sender, const QString &signalMethod, const QObject *receiver, const QString &slotMethod) |
static bool | disconnect (const QObject *sender, const QString &signalMethod, const QString &location, const QObject *receiver, const QString &slotMethod) |
static bool | disconnect (const QObject *sender, std::nullptr_t, const QObject *receiver, std::nullptr_t) |
template<class Sender , class SignalClass , class... SignalArgs, class Receiver , class SlotClass , class... SlotArgs, class SlotReturn > | |
static bool | disconnect (const Sender *sender, void (SignalClass::*signalMethod)(SignalArgs...), const Receiver *receiver, SlotReturn (SlotClass::*slotMethod)(SlotArgs...)) |
template<class Sender , class SignalClass , class... SignalArgs, class Receiver > | |
static bool | disconnect (const Sender *sender, void (SignalClass::*signalMethod)(SignalArgs...), const Receiver *receiver, std::nullptr_t slotMethod=nullptr) |
template<class Sender , class SignalClass , class... SignalArgs, class Receiver , class T > | |
static bool | disconnect (const Sender *sender, void (SignalClass::*signalMethod)(SignalArgs...), const Receiver *receiver, T slotMethod) |
static QMetaObject & | staticMetaObject () |
static QString | tr (const char *text, const char *comment=nullptr, std::optional< int > numArg=std::optional< int >()) |
Properties inherited from QObject | |
objectName | |
Related Functions inherited from QObject | |
T | qobject_cast (QObject *object) |
QObjectList | |
The QIODevice class is the base interface class of all I/O devices.
QIODevice provides both a common implementation and an abstract interface for devices that support reading and writing of blocks of data, such as QFile, QBuffer and QTcpSocket. QIODevice is abstract and can not be instantiated, but it is common to use the interface it defines to provide device-independent I/O features. For example, the CopperSpice XML classes operate on a QIODevice pointer, allowing them to be used with various devices (such as files and buffers).
Before accessing the device, open() must be called to set the correct OpenMode (such as ReadOnly or ReadWrite). You can then write to the device with write() or putChar(), and read by calling either read(), readLine(), or readAll(). Call close() when you are done with the device.
QIODevice distinguishes between two types of devices: random-access devices and sequential devices.
You can use isSequential() to determine the type of device.
QIODevice emits readyRead() when new data is available for reading; for example, if new data has arrived on the network or if additional data is appended to a file that you are reading from. You can call bytesAvailable() to determine the number of bytes that are currently available for reading. It is common to use bytesAvailable() together with the readyRead() signal when programming with asynchronous devices such as QTcpSocket, where fragments of data can arrive at arbitrary points in time. QIODevice emits the bytesWritten() signal every time a payload of data has been written to the device. Use bytesToWrite() to determine the current amount of data waiting to be written.
Certain subclasses of QIODevice, such as QTcpSocket and QProcess, are asynchronous. This means that I/O functions such as write() or read() always return immediately, while communication with the device itself may happen when control goes back to the event loop. QIODevice provides functions that allow you to force these operations to be performed immediately, while blocking the calling thread and without entering the event loop. This allows QIODevice subclasses to be used without an event loop, or in a separate thread:
Calling these functions from the main, GUI thread, may cause your user interface to freeze.
By subclassing QIODevice, you can provide the same interface to your own I/O devices. Subclasses of QIODevice are only required to implement the protected readData() and writeData() functions. QIODevice uses these functions to implement all its functions, such as getChar(), readLine() and write(). QIODevice also handles access control for you, so you can safely assume that the device is opened in write mode if writeData() is called.
Some subclasses, such as QFile and QTcpSocket, are implemented using a memory buffer for intermediate storing of data. This reduces the number of required device accessing calls, which are often very slow. Buffering makes functions like getChar() and putChar() fast, as they can operate on the memory buffer instead of directly on the device itself. Certain I/O operations, however, do not work well with a buffer. For example, if several users open the same device and read it character by character, they may end up reading the same data when they meant to read a separate chunk each. For this reason, QIODevice allows you to bypass any buffering by passing the Unbuffered flag to open(). When subclassing QIODevice, remember to bypass any buffer you may use when the device is open in Unbuffered mode.
Typedef for QFlags<OpenModeFlag> which contains an OR combination of OpenModeFlag values.
Refer to QIODevice::OpenModeFlag for the enum documentation.
This enum is used with open() to describe the mode in which a device is opened. It is also returned by openMode().
Certain flags, such as Unbuffered
and Truncate
, are meaningless when used with some subclasses. Some of these restrictions are implied by the type of device that is represented by a subclass. In other cases, the restriction may be due to the implementation, or may be imposed by the underlying platform. For example, QTcpSocket does not support Unbuffered
mode, and limitations in the native API prevent QFile from supporting Unbuffered
on Windows.
Constant | Value | Description |
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QIODevice::NotOpen | 0x0000 | Not open. |
QIODevice::ReadOnly | 0x0001 | Open for reading. |
QIODevice::WriteOnly | 0x0002 | Open for writing. |
QIODevice::ReadWrite | ReadOnly | WriteOnly | Open for reading and writing. |
QIODevice::Append | 0x0004 | Opened in append mode, so that all data is written to the end of the file. |
QIODevice::Truncate | 0x0008 | If possible the device is truncated before it is opened. All earlier contents of the device are lost. |
QIODevice::Text | 0x0010 | When reading the end-of-line terminators are translated to '\n'. When writing the end-of-line terminators are translated to the local encoding. For example '\r\n' for Win32. |
QIODevice::Unbuffered | 0x0020 | Any buffer in the device is bypassed. |
QIODevice::QIODevice | ( | ) |
Constructs a QIODevice object.
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explicit |
Constructs a QIODevice object with the given parent.
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virtual |
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signal |
This signal is emitted when the device is about to close. Connect this signal if you have operations that need to be performed before the device closes (e.g., if you have data in a separate buffer that needs to be written to the device).
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Returns true if the current read and write position is at the end of the device otherwise returns false. For some devices atEnd() can return true even though there is more data to read. This special case only applies to devices which generate data in direct response to calling read().
Reimplemented in QAbstractSocket::atEnd(), QProcess::atEnd(), QSslSocket::atEnd(), QFileDevice::atEnd(), QBuffer::atEnd()
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Returns the number of bytes that are available for reading. This method is commonly used with sequential devices to determine the number of bytes to allocate in a buffer before reading. Subclasses that reimplement this method must call the base implementation in order to include the size of the QIODevice buffer.
Reimplemented in QProcess::bytesAvailable(), QAbstractSocket::bytesAvailable(), QSslSocket::bytesAvailable(), QLocalSocket::bytesAvailable()
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For buffered devices, this method returns the number of bytes waiting to be written. For devices with no buffer, this method returns 0.
Reimplemented in QProcess::bytesToWrite(), QAbstractSocket::bytesToWrite(), QSslSocket::bytesToWrite(), QLocalSocket::bytesToWrite()
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signal |
This signal is emitted every time a payload of data has been written to the device. The bytes argument is set to the number of bytes that were written in this payload.
This methods is not emitted recursively. If you reenter the event loop or call waitForBytesWritten() inside a slot connected to the bytesWritten() signal, the signal will not be re-emitted (although waitForBytesWritten() may still return true).
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Returns true if a complete line of data can be read from the device, otherwise returns false. Unbuffered devices, which have no way of determining what can be read, always return false. This method is often called in conjunction with the readyRead() signal.
Subclasses that reimplement this method must call the base implementation in order to include the contents of the QIODevice's buffer.
Reimplemented in QProcess::canReadLine(), QAbstractSocket::canReadLine(), QSslSocket::canReadLine(), QLocalSocket::canReadLine(), QBuffer::canReadLine()
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First emits aboutToClose(), then closes the device and sets its OpenMode to NotOpen. The error string is also reset.
Reimplemented in QAbstractSocket::close(), QProcess::close(), QSslSocket::close(), QNetworkReply::close(), QLocalSocket::close(), QFileDevice::close(), QBuffer::close()
QString QIODevice::errorString | ( | ) | const |
Returns a human-readable description of the last device error that occurred.
bool QIODevice::getChar | ( | char * | c | ) |
Reads one character from the device and stores it in c. If c is 0 the character is discarded. Returns true on success, otherwise returns false.
bool QIODevice::isOpen | ( | ) | const |
Returns true if the device is open, otherwise returns false. A device is open if it can be read from and/or written to. By default, this method returns false if openMode() returns NotOpen
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bool QIODevice::isReadable | ( | ) | const |
Returns true if data can be read from the device, otherwise returns false. Use bytesAvailable() to determine how many bytes can be read. This method checks if the OpenMode of the device contains the ReadOnly flag.
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virtual |
Returns true if this device is sequential, otherwise returns false.
Sequential devices, as opposed to a random-access devices, have no concept of a start, an end, a size, or a current position, and they do not support seeking. You can only read from the device when it reports that data is available. The most common example of a sequential device is a network socket. On Unix, special files such as /dev/zero and fifo pipes are sequential.
Regular files, on the other hand, do support random access. They have both a size and a current position, and they also support seeking backwards and forwards in the data stream. Regular files are non-sequential.
The QIODevice implementation returns false.
Reimplemented in QAbstractSocket::isSequential(), QProcess::isSequential(), QNetworkReply::isSequential(), QLocalSocket::isSequential(), QFileDevice::isSequential()
bool QIODevice::isTextModeEnabled | ( | ) | const |
Returns true if the Text flag is enabled, otherwise returns false.
bool QIODevice::isWritable | ( | ) | const |
Returns true if data can be written to the device, otherwise returns false. This method checks if the OpenMode of the device contains the Write Only flag.
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virtual |
Opens the device and sets its OpenMode to mode. Returns true if successful, otherwise returns false. This method should be called from any existing reimplementation of open() or other functions that open the device.
Reimplemented in QLocalSocket::open(), QBuffer::open(), QProcess::open(), QFile::open(), QSaveFile::open(), QTemporaryFile::open()
OpenMode QIODevice::openMode | ( | ) | const |
Returns the mode in which the device has been opened, for example ReadOnly or WriteOnly.
Reads at most maxSize bytes from the device into data, without side effects (i.e., if you call read() after peek(), you will get the same data). Returns the number of bytes read. If an error occurs, such as when attempting to peek a device opened in WriteOnly mode, this method returns -1.
The value of 0 is returned when no more data is available for reading.
QByteArray QIODevice::peek | ( | qint64 | maxSize | ) |
Peeks at most maxSize bytes from the device, returning the data peeked as a QByteArray.
This method has no way of reporting errors. Returning an empty QByteArray() can mean either that no data was currently available for peeking, or that an error occurred.
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For random-access devices, this method returns the position that data is written to or read from. For sequential devices or closed devices, where there is no concept of a "current position", 0 is returned.
The current read/write position of the device is maintained internally by QIODevice, so reimplementing this method is not necessary. When subclassing QIODevice, use QIODevice::seek() to notify QIODevice about changes in the device position.
Reimplemented in QFileDevice::pos(), QBuffer::pos()
bool QIODevice::putChar | ( | char | c | ) |
Writes the character c to the device. Returns true on success, otherwise returns false.
Reads at most maxSize bytes from the device into data, and returns the number of bytes read. If an error occurs, such as when attempting to read from a device opened in WriteOnly mode, this method returns -1.
Value of 0 is returned when no more data is available for reading. However, reading past the end of the stream is considered an error, so this method returns -1 in those cases (that is, reading on a closed socket or after a process has died).
QByteArray QIODevice::read | ( | qint64 | maxSize | ) |
Reads at most maxSize bytes from the device, and returns the data read as a QByteArray. This method has no way of reporting errors; returning an empty QByteArray() can mean either that no data was currently available for reading, or that an error occurred.
QByteArray QIODevice::readAll | ( | ) |
Reads all available data from the device, and returns it as a QByteArray.
This method has no way of reporting errors, returning an empty QByteArray() can mean either that no data was currently available for reading, or that an error occurred.
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Reads up to maxSize bytes from the device into data, and returns the number of bytes read or -1 if an error occurred. If there are no bytes to be read and there can never be more bytes available (examples include socket closed, pipe closed, sub-process finished), returns -1.
This method is called by QIODevice. Reimplement this method when creating a subclass of QIODevice.
When reimplementing it is important this method reads all the required data before returning. This is required in order for QDataStream to be able to operate on the class. QDataStream assumes all the requested information was read and therefore does not retry reading if there was a problem.
Implemented in QBuffer::readData(), QFileDevice::readData(), QAbstractSocket::readData(), QProcess::readData(), QSslSocket::readData(), QLocalSocket::readData()
Reads a line of ASCII characters from the device, up to a maximum of maxSize - 1 bytes, stores the characters in data, and returns the number of bytes read. If a line could not be read but no error occurred, this method returns 0. If an error occurs, this method returns the length of what could be read, or -1 if nothing was read.
A terminating '\0' byte is always appended to data, so maxSize must be larger than 1. Data is read until either of the following conditions are met.
For example, the following code reads a line of characters from a file:
The newline character ('\n') is included in the buffer. If a newline is not encountered before maxSize - 1 bytes are read, a newline will not be inserted into the buffer. On windows newline characters are replaced with '\n'.
This method calls readLineData(), which is implemented using repeated calls to getChar(). You can provide a more efficient implementation by reimplementing readLineData() in your own subclass.
QByteArray QIODevice::readLine | ( | qint64 | maxSize = 0 | ) |
Reads a line from the device, but no more than maxSize characters and returns the result as a QByteArray.
This method has no way of reporting errors. Returning an empty QByteArray() can mean either that no data was currently available for reading, or that an error occurred.
Reads up to maxSize characters into data and returns the number of characters read. This method is called by readLine(), and provides its base implementation, using getChar(). Buffered devices can improve the performance of readLine() by reimplementing this method.
The readLine() method appends a '\0' byte to data, readLineData() does not need to do this.
If you reimplement this method, be careful to return the correct value: it should return the number of bytes read in this line, including the terminating newline, or 0 if there is no line to be read at this point. If an error occurs, it should return -1 if and only if no bytes were read. Reading past EOF is considered an error.
Reimplemented in QFileDevice::readLineData(), QAbstractSocket::readLineData()
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signal |
This signal is emitted once every time new data is available for reading from the device. It will only be emitted again once new data is available, such as when a new payload of network data has arrived on your network socket, or when a new block of data has been appended to your device.
readyRead() is not emitted recursively; if you reenter the event loop or call waitForReadyRead() inside a slot connected to the readyRead() signal, the signal will not be reemitted (although waitForReadyRead() may still return true).
Note for developers implementing classes derived from QIODevice: you should always emit readyRead() when new data has arrived (do not emit it only because there's data still to be read in your buffers). Do not emit readyRead() in other conditions.
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Seeks to the start of input for random-access devices. Returns true on success, otherwise returns false (for example, if the device is not open). When using a QTextStream on a QFile, calling reset() on the QFile will not have the expected result because QTextStream buffers the file. Use the QTextStream::seek() method instead.
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For random-access devices, this method sets the current position to pos, returning true on success, or false if an error occurred. For sequential devices, the default behavior is to do nothing and return false.
When subclassing QIODevice, you must call QIODevice::seek() at the start of your function to ensure integrity with QIODevice's built-in buffer. The base implementation always returns true.
Reimplemented in QFileDevice::seek(), QBuffer::seek()
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protected |
Sets the human readable description of the last device error that occurred to errorString.
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protected |
Sets the OpenMode of the device to openMode. Call this method to set the open mode if the flags change after the device has been opened.
void QIODevice::setTextModeEnabled | ( | bool | enabled | ) |
If enabled is true, this method sets the Text flag on the device, otherwise the Text flag is removed. This feature is useful for classes that provide custom end-of-line handling on a QIODevice.
The IO device should be opened before calling this method.
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For open random-access devices, this method returns the size of the device. For open sequential devices, bytesAvailable() is returned.If the device is closed, the size returned will not reflect the actual size of the device.
Reimplemented in QFile::size(), QFileDevice::size(), QBuffer::size()
void QIODevice::ungetChar | ( | char | c | ) |
Puts the character c back into the device, and decrements the current position unless the position is 0. This method is usually called to "undo" a get Char() operation, such as when writing a backtracking parser. If c was not previously read from the device, the behavior is undefined.
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For buffered devices, this method waits until a payload of buffered written data has been written to the device and the bytesWritten() signal has been emitted, or until msecs milliseconds have passed. If msecs is -1, This method will not time out. For unbuffered devices, it returns immediately.
Returns true if a payload of data was written to the device, otherwise returns false (i.e. if the operation timed out, or if an error occurred).
This method can operate without an event loop. It is useful when writing non-GUI applications and when performing I/O operations in a non-GUI thread. If called from within a slot connected to the bytesWritten() signal, bytesWritten() will not be re-emitted.
Reimplement this method to provide a blocking API for a custom device. The default implementation does nothing, and returns false.
Reimplemented in QAbstractSocket::waitForBytesWritten(), QSslSocket::waitForBytesWritten(), QProcess::waitForBytesWritten(), QLocalSocket::waitForBytesWritten()
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Blocks until new data is available for reading and the readyRead() signal has been emitted, or until msecs milliseconds have passed. If msecs is -1, this method will not time out. Returns true if new data is available for reading, otherwise returns false.
This method can operate without an event loop. It is useful when writing non-GUI applications and when performing I/O operations in a non-GUI thread. If called from within a slot connected to the readyRead() signal, readyRead() will not be reemitted.
Reimplement this method to provide a blocking API for a custom device. The default implementation does nothing, and returns false.
Reimplemented in QAbstractSocket::waitForReadyRead(), QSslSocket::waitForReadyRead(), QProcess::waitForReadyRead(), QLocalSocket::waitForReadyRead()
qint64 QIODevice::write | ( | const char * | data | ) |
Writes data from a zero-terminated string of 8-bit characters to the device. Returns the number of bytes that were actually written, or -1 if an error occurred. This is equivalent to the following code.
Writes at most maxSize bytes of data from data to the device. Returns the number of bytes that were actually written, or -1 if an error occurred.
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inline |
Writes the content of data to the device. Returns the number of bytes that were actually written, or -1 if an error occurred.
Writes up to maxSize bytes from data to the device. Returns the number of bytes written, or -1 if an error occurred.
This method is called by QIODevice. Reimplement when creating a subclass of QIODevice. When reimplementing it is important that this method writes all the data available before returning. This is required in order for QDataStream to be able to operate on the class. QDataStream assumes all the information was written and therefore does not retry writing if there was a problem.
Implemented in QBuffer::writeData(), QFileDevice::writeData(), QAbstractSocket::writeData(), QProcess::writeData(), QSslSocket::writeData(), QNetworkReply::writeData(), QSaveFile::writeData(), QLocalSocket::writeData()